The EU Blue Card is a residence and work permit for highly qualified non-EU nationals. The original 2009 scheme was criticised for low uptake relative to national permit systems. A revised directive adopted in October 2021 aimed to make the card more attractive by lowering the salary threshold, allowing holders to change employers more easily and improving family reunification rules.
Transposition status
Member states were required to implement the 2021 directive into national law by 18 November 2023. Germany transposed it ahead of schedule, lowering its salary threshold and introducing a new IT professionals route. The Netherlands and several Nordic countries also made changes within the deadline.
The European Commission has opened infringement proceedings against member states that missed the transposition deadline. Applicants in countries that have not yet fully implemented the directive may be applying under the original 2009 rules, which carry different conditions.
Key changes under the 2021 directive
- Lower minimum salary threshold: set at 1.0x the average gross annual salary in the member state (down from 1.5x under the 2009 directive).
- Sector-specific threshold: reduced to 0.8x for shortage occupations listed by each member state.
- Faster family reunification: family members can apply at the same time as the main applicant rather than waiting.
- Improved intra-EU mobility: easier transfer to a second member state after 12 months.
- Wider recognition of qualifications: equivalent professional experience can substitute for a formal degree in some circumstances.
What applicants should verify
Before applying, check the implementing rules in the specific country: the salary threshold, the list of shortage occupations, recognition procedures for your qualifications and the documents required. Do not assume the rules described in the 2021 directive text apply identically in every country.
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