How to read an employment contract before signing

A contract should tell the same story as the job you were offered. Read it slowly and compare it with the vacancy, interview notes and written offer before signing.

Ask for time to review the document and request a copy in a language you understand. Do not rely on verbal promises that are absent from the written terms.

Confirm the basics

• The legal name and registered address of the employer.
• Your job title, duties and normal place or places of work.
• The start date and, for a temporary role, the end date or expected duration.
• Whether the contract is full-time, part-time, fixed-term, agency, seasonal or another form recognised locally.

Calculate the real pay

Identify whether the stated amount is gross or net. Gross pay is before tax and social contributions. Check the payment frequency, overtime rate, bonuses, allowances and any lawful deductions.

If accommodation, transport, equipment or recruitment costs will be deducted, the amount and reason should be clear. Be cautious if the employer asks you to return part of your salary in cash.

Check time and predictability

EU information rules require core terms to be provided in writing within set deadlines. National law and collective agreements provide the detailed rights that apply to your job.

• Normal daily or weekly hours.
• Shift patterns and how changes are communicated.
• Overtime rules and compensation.
• Guaranteed paid hours for an irregular schedule.
• Paid annual leave and public holiday arrangements.

Probation, notice and restrictions

Check the length of probation, the notice required from both sides and the reasons the contract may end. Under the EU baseline, probation generally cannot exceed six months, subject to limited exceptions and national implementation.

Read confidentiality, non-compete and second-job clauses carefully. Restrictions should have a clear purpose and must comply with national law.

Know where to ask for help

The national labour inspectorate, trade union, worker advice service or an employment lawyer can explain local rules. Keep the signed contract, payslips and records of hours worked.

Never surrender your passport to an employer. Pressure to sign immediately, unexplained deductions, a different employer name or a refusal to provide written terms are warning signs.